Canadian law secures the right to a secret ballot. This means that no one can watch you vote and no one should look at how you voted.You may choose to discuss how you voted with others, but no one, including family members, your employer or union representative, has the right to insist that you tell them how you voted.*
The head of the federal government—the Prime Minister—is the leader of the political party that wins the most seats in a federal election.To win a “majority,” a political party needs to win 50% of the 308 federal “seats.” Since there are more than two parties, a “minority” government is possible. Learn more See page 210 for the Government of Canada web site.*
In elections, candidates appeal to voters to try to win their votes.To vote, a person must be on the official voters list as well as being a Canadian citizen and at least 18 years old on voting day. (Contact your local government offices if you have questions.) Voters on the voting list will receive a notice in the mail prior to the election telling them where they vote.*
Canada has three levels of government: federal, provincial or territorial, and municipal. Canada is a federation with a parliamentary system of government.Those serving in government at the federal and provincial level represent political parties that are voted into office by Canadians during elections. Municipal politicians are elected by voters and are not necessarily affiliated with political parties.*
Human rights laws protect the rights and freedoms of people living in Canada. These rights and freedoms are important and are highlighted on the next few pages. Human Rights Commissions help to protect human rights. Learn more*
Canada has ten provinces that differ significantly in size. Each has its own government and Premier. Two are island provinces: Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland and Labrador—both on the east coast. Canada also has three territories in the North. Quebec is the largest province, and New Brunswick is the only official bilingual province.*
The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms guarantees Canadians equal treatment under the law and equal protection and benefit of the law without discrimination. It also guarantees them the right to participate in political activities, to vote, and to be elected to political office. Learn more*